Statement of Purpose - 4243 Words

Statement of Purpose My name is Jasleen kaur. I have done my schooling from one of the prominent school of India. I joined it in 19.. and passed my schooling in 200... The decade inculcated the bulk of the learning I possess today. There after I joined .a.b.c†¦. college Barnala and did my graduation with Commerce. Completing my graduation I came through certain phases which led me to pursue management at PG level. Looking at the trend in the market, where there is a great competition in the economy, every qualified person dreams to pursue his career in the business, since it is one of the areas seeing unprecedent growth. So I appeared for MET and got admission in Punjabi university regional centre for IT and management, Mohali Phase†¦show more content†¦It would enable me to channel my quantitative and conceptual skills in analysing business issues and would open up new avenues in research. Subsequent to earning a Ph.D., I would like to apply for a faculty position at a leading university; and investigate issues concerned with technology as it affects organisation strategy, structure and systems. Review para2 I believe that my background in engineering and management has prepared me for such a career. I have found research fascinating since my engineering days, where I received the highest marks in the Department for my final-year undergraduate dissertation; and was judged to have presented the best paper at a Departmental seminar. My four years of engineering education have provided me with a strong grounding in mathematics (I stood first in my Department for each of the four Math papers) and the theoretical aspects of technology. Review para3 I joined ABC Business School in order to broaden my perspective and to improve my career prospects. Economics and psychology - subjects new to me - were interesting, and I enjoyed applying quantitative and conceptual skills to analyze business problems. I did very well in projects, desk research, workshops and class discussion, although academically I did not perform to my satisfaction (I finished with a GPA of 2.91, partly due to health reasons). I was voted as one of the ten most promising students in my batch, and received a national-level award for the bestShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose1126 Words   |  5 PagesStatement of Purpose Many professors, department websites, applications, and current graduate students will tell you that the statement of purpose is the most important part of the application. While the statement of purpose is the best way for the admissions committee to gauge your writing skills, it is quite different from the college admissions essay, or the law school personal statement. Admissions committees will not be looking for the most well-written essay with the catchiest introductionRead MoreThe Field Of Journalism And Education1320 Words   |  6 Pagesare minimal. The differences are noted in The School of Journalism and Media Studies, PAO Program Admissions section. The differences include: SDSU requires applicants to submit statement regarding what the individual’s research interest and goals are, and that applicants must also include a general statement of purpose, which details why the applicant wishes to attend the graduate program at SDSU (Weiss). An additional difference is t hat SDSU requires a minimal score of a 150 on the Graduate RecordRead MoreThe Core Elements Of My Research Topic, African American Males On Higher Education1436 Words   |  6 Pagesmy first memo, I focused on the core elements of my research topic, African-American males in higher education. Since our last meeting, I have taken time to reflect on your suggestions, and think about how to revamp my research questions and purpose statement. Most important, I have taken time to do self-reflection. Self-Reflection ï » ¿In a somewhat different approach to my first memo, I started this memo with my reflective thoughts. I took this approach because it lends to the process of discoveryRead MoreStatement of Purpose1069 Words   |  5 PagesSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE â€Å"A dream acted upon by confidence becomes an ambition and that when followed with determination defines the purpose of existence in its entirety† It is with a sincere sense of gratitude towards the opportunity given to me, I pen down this statement. Education not only expands the horizons of one s knowledge but also simultaneously implants an insatiable desire to acquire more and more knowledge. Knowledge is that which can enhance the strength of mind and therebyRead MoreStatement of Purpose804 Words   |  4 PagesStatement of purpose â€Å"Everything comes to us that belongs to us if we create the capacity to receive it.† Rabindranath Tagore. I’ve always believed that the answer to my destiny lies in creating the results that I desire. Success is never an accident, but is always by design. I believe perseverance, drive, passion and strength of character create the right formula for success. I schooled at one of Asia’s premier institutes, Mayo College Girls School. I was thrilled to discover myself here –Read MoreStatement of Purpose996 Words   |  4 PagesSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE The unprecedented explosion of corporations and financial services industry has brought about immense opportunities to utilize newer principles, methodologies, tools and practices in the field of finance. It is this challenging field in which I would like to gain expertise. ACADEMIC BACKGROUND Since school days, I have always been regarded as an academically brilliant, having been awarded scholar badge and merit certificate throughout my school and university education.Read MoreStatement of Purpose962 Words   |  4 PagesSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE FOR MS APPLIED STATISTICS. Right from childhood, I was fond of mathematics and how it had the ability to convey a lot of information with so little illustrations. This, together with my consistent good performance in mathematics throughout high school, was responsible for the nurturing of a special interest in it. This childhood zeal in the subject gradually crystallized into a more mature form as I stepped into higher studies. The most significant influence on myRead MoreStatement of Purpose1694 Words   |  7 PagesStatement of Purpose Name : Sphoorti Sangamesh Biradar Program Applied : Masters (MS) Major : Sports Management About me: I am very thankful for providing me this opportunity and it is with sincere sense of gratification that I pen down my brief statement of purpose before you. I am Sphoorti Sangamesh Biradar, 21 years old. I am studying B. Computer Science engineering final year in the reputed university Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) at college Sir.M.Visvesvaraya InstituteRead MoreStatement of Purpose588 Words   |  3 PagesSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE NAME : jinson.j.erinjeri Applying for M.S. IN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING Firstly I would like to introduce myself as an undergraduate student of the bachelor of engineering program From the M.S.Ramaiah institute of technology, one of the most prestigious institutions of the Bangalore U university . I have completed my course of engineering in the field of Industrial Engineering’, which was for a period of four years. I graduated in the first class with distinctionRead MoreStatement of Purpose745 Words   |  3 PagesStatement of Purpose Health Care is a Right Not a Privilege – Jan Spence, Kimberley Clark Foundation. Regrettably the above slogan perfectly suits the present condition of healthcare in my country. An endeavor to bring about a change is the prime motive for me in aspiring to be a Public Health Professional. In present time the world faces a lot of changes in healthcare systems. In my home country India lot of conversions are happening. The changes varies from eliminating chronic epidemic disease

Article Reflection Free Essays

In the article it goes over five steps to introduce vocabulary and to teach/ instruct it in a way that will actually resonate with the students. The 5 steps can be compared to the drill and kill method often used with vocabulary terms, which is useful sometimes, but the lasting knowledge is not as well remembered. The first step, key characteristics of vocabulary instruction, deal with multiple exposures, freeloading key vocabulary, and nonlinguistic representations, which we do in class through the use of brain pops, pictures rain during notes, and posters created in class about specific topics. We will write a custom essay sample on Article Reflection or any similar topic only for you Order Now Step two, is using those tier 3 words that are specific to our content with the mixture of tier 2 and tier 1 vocal. Step three, is a print rich environment where students have their work on the walls representing terms learned as well as posters or chances to write/read. Step four is building on vocabulary strategies or, to put in simple terms, routine of studying vocal. Step five is having digital tools to support the previous steps. I have put these strategies o use in my class with a very good response from my students. Overall they seem to be able to manipulate the terms and then reuse them in the proper way, but also using the term outside of the context learned. I consider this very good because most of the time students will simply use the examples giving in class; which is more memorization than actual retention and comprehension. Below I show you how used each step in class: Step 1: Exposing students to vocabulary in multiple ways such as: flash cards ‘posters created/stories/videos/did grams Step 2: In notes and explanations I use terms like infer, identity#y’, resolve, and other terms that can be used in other areas, but we partner them with tier 3 words that are specific to science. I have heard the students use words in multiple classes that we have studied in my class as well as others. For example they use infer a lot in both social studies and science. Step 3: Student have created their own print rich environment through creating posters, writing stories, giving explanation essays, and creating diagrams. Step 4: Students have learned what to expect when it comes to learning about new vocabulary in class. Typically it will be introduced in their notes along with a picture or demonstration so we may refer back to it. Then students will usually get some kind of worksheet that emphasizes the terms. Followed by hands on activity where they actually must apply those terms and manipulate. Final step is usually creating flashcards or simply answer vocabulary terms. How to cite Article Reflection, Papers

Corporation Laws for regulation and proper operation of companies

Introduction The regulation and proper operation of any company or corporation is completely dependent on the nature and manner in which the directors and other office bearers of the company perform their functions. This is so, because even though a company has a separate legal entity and it has its independent existence distinct from its members, nevertheless the company operates through its directors and office bearers and as such it is very important that they perform their tasks and duties diligently and honestly being compliant with the provisions of Corporations Law as well as their duties established under the Common Law and General Law as such. The present discussion conces a discussion of various duties enshrined upon Directors and other office bearers of the company under General Law as well as the provisions of the Corporations Act, 2001. For the purpose of this discussion, the nature of the post of directors and office bearers of a company in Australia has been discussed in order to gain an insight about the duties that they should be and which they are subject to. It is submitted in this regard that two landmark cases, namely ASIC v Rich (2003) 44 ACSR 6821 and ASIC v MacDonald (No 11) (2009) NSWSC2872 are pertinent to be noted as in these cases, very strong judgements have been passed with reference to the duties of directors and office bearers of the corporation. In these two cases, various facets of the duties that are entrusted upon the directors and office bearers of a corporation have been discussed. It is further submitted that in order to ascertain the duties that are entrusted upon the directors and office bearers of the corporation, various scholarly jouals have been referred to in order to give this discussion certain depth. The two landmark cases named above have been discussed in brief in order to ascertain various issues involved with the operations of the corporation. Nature of the post of office bearer and director of a corporation Section 9 of the Corporations Act, 20013 defines the term officer and director of the company. It is submitted in this regard, that the definition provided by section 9 of the Corporations Act, 2001 does not provide for the duties of the directors or office bearers of a company and merely refers to the appointment of the parties to the post of director or alteative director or to the post of officer. However as submitted earlier, it is being reiterated that a company operates through its officers as such and they are the ones who undertake to perform all the tasks that have to be performed by the company in management of its affairs and as such all the statutory responsibilities of a corporation have to be performed by the directors and office bearers of the company. It is submitted in this regard, that the director of a company stands in fiduciary capacity towards the company and its stakeholders. Since directors of a company are entrusted with performance of important functions inc luding taking important financial decisions on behalf of the company and as such it is very important that all directors and officers of the company act in the best interests of the company. Duties of Director of a corporation under General Law Generally it is observed that entities created under the provisions of a statute are goveed by the provisions of the particular law as such and in this regard it is submitted that since directors and officers of a company act in fiduciary capacity towards the corporation and its stakeholders they are entrusted with certain duties under General Law as well under the Law of Equity as the Commonwealth of Australia is a Common Law Country, the officers of the company are entrusted with certain duties under General Law as well and the same have been discussed briefly hereunder: General duties. Apart from the statutory duties imposed by the provisions of the Corporations Act, 2001 under Common Law, the directors and office bearers of a corporation may be subject to imposition of civil penalties in case they fail to perform their duties such as:Exercise their powers and perform their obligations with prudence, due care and caution with the commensurate skills that they need to exercise and which they profess to hold as office bearers of the company and the standard of care5 would be that of any reasonable person in the same given situation. The various parameters on which the actions of directors and office bearers of the company are tested are as follows:Whether the decision taken by the director or office bearer has been taken in good faith or not; Whether the director or the office bearer has or does not have any personal material interest in the subject matter of the decision taken on behalf of the company; Whether the director or the office bearer has made an informed judgement or the decision has been made recklessly; and Whether the director or the office bearer has acted under a bonafide belief that the judgement made by him is in the best interests of the corporation and various stakeholders of the company. The directors and office bearers of the corporation are obligated to mage and perform the task of conducting the trade or business of the company in the best interests of the company and its stakeholders. This requirement is not a mutually exclusive requirement but the director and office bearer of the company are obligated to take the surrounding circumstances of the company such as the type of company, its size, the regulatory obligations etc in consideration. The director and office bearers of a corporation are obliged to take all plausible and reasonable steps to ensure that they are placed in a position to monitor the management of the company and have a general understanding of the business and the dynamic economic conditions and their effect on the company. Requirement to act in good faith towards the company and its stakeholders is one of the most important duties imposed on the director or office bearer of a company and this duty is both a common law duty as well as one enshrined under section 180-184 of the Corporations Act, 2001. Directors and office bearers of a company must be of conflict avoiding nature and avoid conflict of interest with that of the companys ; Duties of Directors and Office bearers of Company under Corporations Law Apart from the aforementioned duties of directors and office bearers of a company or corporation, there are certain statutory duties imposed upon them by the virtue of the Corporations Act, 2001. Some important provisions in this regard have been enlisted briefly as hereunder: Section 180 of the Corporations Act, 2001: This is one of the most important provisions of the Corporations Law in the context of directors and office bearers duties under the statute and it imposes a duty to take reasonable care and caution and follow business judgement rule at all times while performing the functions of the company. Business judgement rule refers to taking a decision in the best interests of the company after due diligence in a manner in which a reasonable and prudent person would act in such a scenario. Section 181 of the Corporations Act, 2001: This section casts a duty to act in good faith at all times while acting in official capacity as the director or office bearer of the company. This rule acts both as a defence as well as a provision under which stringent liability can be imposed as this is the rudimentary requirement from the directors and office bearers of a company as they act in fiduciary capacity towards the company. While section 182 of the Act imposes a duty not to make improper use of position to make personal gains or for someone else at the cost of companys interests, section 183 of the Act prohibits abuse of the information gained through their position to gain an advantage for themselves or cause detriment to the company. Section 184 of the Corporations Act, 2001 is very important as it criminalises certain acts and offences committed by the directors and office bearers of the company. Section 588G of the Act imposes a duty upon the directors and office bearers of the company not to trade when the company is insolvent or when they are of the belief that the company would definitely go bankrupt if it undertakes the particular transaction. Sections 191-195 of the Corporations Act, 2001 entrust upon the directors and office bearers of a company to disclose any material interest in the subject matter of decision to the members of board of directors in advance. Sections 285 to 318 of the Corporations Act, 2001 provide for duties pertaining maintain proper records of financial transactions and to ensure that financial reporting is being done properly. In case the director or office bearer of a company does not perform these obligations, the courts may make a declaration of a contravention and impose a:   Monetary penalty a pecuniary penalty up to AUS$200,000;   Disqualification order to disqualify persons from managing companies;   Compensation order- to compensate the company for damage suffered by it. Under the Corporations Act, directors and office bearers of the company may be criminally liable if they violate following provisions as per section 184 of the Corporations Act, 2001:   If the directors and office bearers of the company exercise their powers and discharge their duties recklessly or dishonestly. This omission or act must be coupled with intention or utmost recklessness in order to give birth to criminal liability; or   Failure to prepare proper financial accounts and ensure accurate reporting of financial records. If a director is found to be criminally liable, he may be fined up to AUS$200,000 and/or imprisonment of up to five years.   falsification of records is something which the office bearers or the directors of a company should never indulge into because making false announcements is illegal and in this regard the landmark case of ASIC v MacDonald has been discussed in the later part of this discussion. Directors and office bearers of a corporation may also be held civilly and criminally liable for such conduct under the Corporations Act. The Corporations Act, 2001 prohibits insider trading and market rigging and any director or office bearer engaged in such activities may be subject to civil or criminal liability ASIC v Rich (2003) 44 ACSR 682 The aforementioned case has been a landmark case in many ways and in this case various principles regarding the disqualifications of directors were decided upon by the Supreme Court of New South Wales. In this case the main issue that had come up for the Courts consideration was whether the executive directors of One. Tel Telecommunications had failed to perform their duties in good faith and honestly in furtherance of provisions enshrined in sections 180 to 1849 of the Corporations Act, 2001. In this case it was alleged by ASIC that the executive directors of the company failed to perform their duties diligently in the months leading to collapse of the company. It was alleged by ASIC that the executive directors of the company violated their duties to keep the board of directors of the company about the companys solvency, true financial position of the company and the liabilities of the company prior to the collapse of the company. The Court held that the executive directors of the company had violated the provisions of section 180 of the Corporations Act, 2001. The Honble Court held that Mr Keeling, the joint managing director of the company failed to properly assess the financial position of the company prior to its collapse and failed to inform the board of directors of the company about the same. In this regard, the statement of Justice Kirby when the case went before the Honble High Court of Australia is incumbent to be discussed and the following is submitted as follows: He stated that being the director of a company is a privilege to be eaed each day [which] may be withdrawn for misconduct but also for incompetent, improper or lax activities in the functions of corporate management. It is submitted that the views of Honble Justice Kirby submitted above very clearly establish the nature of duties that the directors of a corporation are entrusted with. It is submitted that the aforementioned case witnessed a great expansion in the nature of the duty to act in good faith and to take the decisions of the company while keeping the best interests of the stakeholders of the company in mind. Accordingly, it is submitted that this case has established various benchmarks in regard to the duties of directors and officers of a company. In this case, the general performance of the board of directors was discussed and the manner in which the flow of information to the members of board of directors was also delved upon by the Court of Law. It is also submitted in this regard, that the court emphasised upon the need to establish a mechanism for prudent regulation of the performance of financial functions of the company. The Court laid special stress upon the need to ensure publ ic announcement of financial information and this was one of the major issues in the instant case. ASIC v MacDonald (No 11) (2009) NSWSC287 There were various issues in the aforementioned cases raised by the ASIC citing violation of various statutory duties enshrined in sections 180-184 of the Corporations Act, 2001 thereby contravening the duty to act in good faith and as such they were liable to be subjected to financial penalties (civil in nature). The first issue in consideration was that the Draft ASX announcement made by the company was false and it is submitted in this regard, that making false public announcements is a contravention of the provisions of the Corporations Act, 2001 and as such liable for imposition of penalties. ASIC alleged that there was failure to make declaration in regard to DOCI by the Company to ASX was also false and misleading and this action was violative section 1001 of the Corporations Act, 2001 and in this regard, the General Counsel and company secretary along with the Chief Executive Officer to advise the Board of Directors of the company that the DOCI information was required to be disclosed was violative of the duties of directors and officers of the companyunder section 180 of the Corporations Act, 2001 an it made them liable to imposition of civil penalties as such. Another relevant issue raised in this case was pertaining to approval of defective announcement in relation to ASX announcement by the same officer was a violation and contravention of the good faith requirement enshrined by the provisions of section 181 of the Corporations Act, 2001. The Honble Supreme Court upheld a lot of ASICs allegations against the company and in this case there were violations which had denied to the sufferers of the asbestosis disease on account of the operations of James Hardie Corporations operations and the funds assured to be for the benefit of the sufferers of the aforementioned disease were misappropriated and false information in this regard was provided vide public announcements media announcements etc. it is submitted in this regard, that the actions of the dire ctors and officers of the defendant company made them deserving to be penalised and the same was done quite rightly in the instant case. It is further submitted that in the instant case, there were wide ranging violations of the good faith provisions and requirements enshrined by the Corporations Act, 2001. The Honble Court even held that the test of section 52 of the Trade Practices Act, 1974 was satisfied vide the draft ASX announcement and that it was definitely a violation of the provisions of the Corporations Act, 2001. In this case Honble Justice Gzell also discussed the duties of directors and officers of a company from the perspective of Corporate Goveance and held that 10 directors of the company along with certain officers such as the company secretary and general counsel of the company had breached the statutory duties imposed upon them vide section 180 of the Corporations Act, 2001. Public announcements made by the directors and officers of the company must be true or be lieved to be true after a prudent and just analysis of the facts must be made because in this case the announcements made by the company assured the victims of the operations of the James Hardie Corporation that there was adequate funds for taking care of the compensation earmarked for the aforementioned victims and as such the actions of the director and officers of the company amounted to severe and gross violation of the provisions of Corporations Act, 2001. Conclusion It is submitted here that a perusal of the aforementioned submissions would clarify that the directors and office bearers of a company are entrusted with onerous responsibilities and duties which they must perform with utmost sincerity and honesty at all times because the provisions of the Corporations Act, 2001 provide for stringent action in case of statutory violations by the aforementioned members of the company. In this regard, it is submitted that in addition to the statutory duties, the directors and office bearers of the company are also saddled with common law duties and the duty to act judiciously and equitably at all times so that the sanctity of the corporation as an independent legal entity remains untaished and moreover the trust that the shareholders and other stakeholders of the company pose in them is not shaken because as responsible members of a company, the directors and office bearers of company are obliged to act in good faith and in case they fail to do so, not only do they incur personal criminal and civil liabilities as exemplified by the landmark cases discussed above, they also let down the company that they are members of.

The Driving Pool

The Driving Pool is a compilation of three stories written by Yoko Ogawa, an award winning novelist from Japan. The Driving Pool revolves around the experiences of Aya, a young female narrator (James 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Driving Pool specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aya is orphaned in a number of ways. For example, her parents are too busy in the wards and cannot create time to attend to her needs. It is against this background that Aya (who is emotionally abandoned by her parents) decide to shower Jun (a young athlete) with all her devotion and love. Jun has lived at the Light House for a decade now. Nonetheless, acquaintance does not rekindle disdain for Aya. Her feelings for Aya are not sisterly. Aya’s obsession with Jun is manifested when she spent most of her free time in the bleachers looking at Jun practice his favorite sport. When Aya is not in the bleachers, she idles around the home eager to bump into Jun. It appears that Jun feels the same way towards Aya (James 2). This tale could have had a merry ending if Aya had not subjected her loneliness and pain upon others. The seductive force of cruelty is manifested when Aya resorts to torture Rie (the youngest toddler at the orphanage) for pleasure. In spite of the fact that Aya’s actions are distressing, most of the readers are sympathetic with her deeds because they understand their origins. It seems the author has excelled in demonstrating how natural feelings can be overturned into anomalous ones and how benevolence can coexist with malevolence (James 3). It goes without saying that The Diving Pool examines the intensity of our intricate dark natures. Nevertheless, The Diving Pool does not sanitize anything in the process. It is a simple moral story that seems to suggest the impeding devastating revenge for the young woman (James 3). Majusi is the author of the internationally acclaimed book titled Black Rain. It astonishes that whenever a book dwells upon serious issues such as genocide, lynching, or Hiroshima bombing; it will frequently receive a rare evaluation irrespective of the manner in which subject at hand is presented. Black Rain focuses on a teenage girl who is caught in the middle of the radioactive â€Å"Black Rain† that ensued after Hiroshima was bombed. The writer based his novel on accounts of real-life records and dialogue with the victims of the holocaust. In his book, he manages to disclose the extent of suffering of human as a result of the atomic bomb (Schneider 1). In the novel Black Rain, the author narrates the manner in which the life of Yasuko that was altered forever as a result of the Hiroshima bombing.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author describes how the attack caused him periodic bouts of radiation sickness and her suspic ions that her future generations may be affected too. Ibuse presents the horrific incident with a tinge of moderate humor which he is commonly known for. His compassion to the multifaceted web of feeling in a customary community dilapidated by the devastating attack has made the Black Rain one of the most highly recognize novel (Schneider 3). The novel talks about the survivors who witnessed the Hiroshima bomb as it unfolded. Nonetheless, the writer neither asks for sympathy from the readers nor blames anyone for the event. On the contrary, but he focuses his attention on the catastrophe itself from the human point of view. The author and those around him maintain a deep sense of self-respect and significance for human life and experience which stands out in the entire days after the Hiroshima bombing. In his account, he talks about the suffering many victims had to endure during and after the bombing and his description leave the reader less than pleasant. In the Black Rain novel, the author does not hold the back the information about the bombing nor try to overwhelm the readers with cheap words to narrate the devastating outcomes of the attack. He simply employs an exceptional narrative style that describes the suffering of the victims (Schneider 4). Pregnancy Diary is the second story in this collection. To most readers, Pregnancy Diary appears to be more complicated and even bleaker. Just like the other two stories, Pregnancy Diary talks about a displaced young female narrator. The diary in question is a vivid account of a woman concerning her sister’s pregnancy. Pregnancy Diary bears semblance to the other two tales because it is filled with horrific tales. It is worthy to mention that Pregnancy Diary does not dwell upon the foetus but on revulsion, food and greed as the narrator prepares an intoxicated grapefruit jam for her sister. Pregnancy Diary reveals the emotional turmoil that the children had to endure following the tragic and untimely dea th of their parents. According to this tale, it is very difficult to establish whose delusions are prevailing in this world of emotional haziness (James 4). All women featured in Ogawa’s tales are basically numbed and emotionless as they attempt to gain power by subjecting their weaker specimens to cruel deeds. Their disturbing inertia in reaction to their limited roles is counterpoised with vicious twists and turns which the author portrays with a distinctive coolness of tone. The sense of emotional estrangement, of cultural universality as well as the use of weird disappearance cuts across the three tales (Briscoe 7). Dormitory is the last tale in this collection. Dormitory rarely qualifies as a bedtime story because it is filled with dark twists and turns in spite of the fact that there is some ray of hope as the horrific tale comes to an end. Nonetheless, Dormitory leaves many questions unanswered (James 5).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Drivi ng Pool specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, why is the young wife not attempting to search and save her cousin? What is behind the bizarre inertia contaminating her right from the start? What would she have found behind her cousin’s bolted door? And what exactly is happening to the landlord? In Dormitory, a woman in Tokyo is busy sewing a patchwork coverlet as she waits to join her husband in Sweden. Meanwhile, her young cousin calls to inquire if she can reside in the college dormitory where she once lived as a student. In the meantime, the manager of the hall of residence is a terminally ill amputee infatuated with body parts of healthier students. As the cousin takes residence at the college dormitory and disappears later, the narrator is drawn into a distorted world full of garish tulip colors and sickly buzzing of bees that threatens to overwhelm the ordinary daily life as a background to insanity. It seems that the author has met all the preconditions that qualify a story to be regarded as horrific (Briscoe 8). Ogawa has successfully depicted the workings of human psychology in her three tales. The author has been able to demonstrate her in-depth knowledge of psychological workings through her wonderful and well-executed pose. Reading Ogawa’s tales is synonymous to entering an illusory state that is filled with frightening scenes (Briscoe 9). The narrators of both Pregnancy Diary and The Diving Pool commit dreadful acts (poisoning an expectant woman and tormenting a young orphaned toddler). They commit these horrendous acts as if by impulse and do not care of the possible consequences of their actions. It is worthy to mention that the three tales bear similarities in terms of structure and arrogance. Nevertheless, The Diving Pool is an exceptional tale that depicts an author whose evocative, disconcerting narrative style speaks more by leaving some details unarticulated (Briscoe 9). Works Cited Briscoe, Joanna. â€Å"Dark Side of the Dormitory.† 2 Aug. 2008. Web. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/aug/02/fiction5. James, Victoria. â€Å"The Diving Pool, by Yoko Ogawa: Everyday Horror in Suburban Tokyo.† 8 Aug. 2008. Web. https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/the-diving-pool-by-yoko-ogawa-trans-stephen-snyder-887841.html.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Schneider, Jessica. â€Å"Book Review: Black Rain by Masuji Ibuse.† 16 Jan. 2011. Web. This essay on The Driving Pool was written and submitted by user Tori Boyer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tang Dynasty essays

Tang Dynasty essays Until this century dynastic families have provided most of the rulers over the human race. Kinship formed an in-group network to support the power holder (or rival) as well as a principle by which to settle (or dispute) the explosive question of the succession of to power. Out of all the dynasties, of the world, none ruled as large a state as China or maintained such a monopoly of central government. As institutions of government, the major Chinese Dynasties are in a class by themselves. Neither Japan, India or Persia produced regimes comparable in scope and power. One such Chinese dynasty was called The Tang Dynasty. This dynasty ran from 618-907. The Li clan of the Tang provided 23 emperors and imperial china became one of the wealthiest and most powerful regions of the world. It began when the middle kingdom was united under a Chinese emperor, but that emperor, but that emperor was greedy, selfish and cruel, killing his faithful, sturdy people with his overwork for his own pleasure. There were rebellions in the northern provinces and robber bands roamed freely about the country. A young man of 20 years old had another picture in mind, a peaceful, busy, land, its simple people singing at the work. The young man went to seek his father who was in command of the army in that province. He talked his father into rebelling against the emperor, and drive Yang Ti off the throne. These two men belonged to the family of Li. The father was the prince of Tang and the sons name was not a man to stand against such a family as this and fled. Li Shi-mins father was made the new emperor, giving his own title of Tang, a name whose glory rang all over asia and even into Europe. He came to the throne in 618 and it took 6 years to put the whole country in order. He worked w ith his brillent son Li Shi-min who was a general and brave soldier. Soon the empire was quiet and the rule of the Tangs was accepted from the Eastern Ocea...

A Positive Approach to the Future

A Positive Approach Towards the Future The issue of mandatory school uniforms has taken on several debates over the past decade; it is believed that this issue will plague public schools for decades to come. Students who wear uniforms feel a sense of being superior with their fellow classmates. This feeling of being part of a group boosts morale and individual confidence, thus leading to higher grades. Children will be more focused in a uniform classroom. There is no more distraction as to what the other kids are wearing or who has the name brand shoes. Girls will be dressed appropriately and clothing will fit properly. This adds to the learning experience. There is no more competition. There is no more rivalry and the children are able to focus on their schoolwork and not on the latest trends ( Bodine 67-69). Former President Clinton made a state of the union address in 1996; in that address, the subject of mandatory school uniforms was mentioned. If it means that teenagers will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear uniforms (Williams). In fact, that year in Long Beach, California, the first district to implement mandatory uniform policies, assault dropped by sixty-seven percent, vandalism by eighty-two percent, and robbery by thirty-five percent. Overall crime was reduced by seventy-three percent the first year the policy was in place (Williams). This was a direct reflection of the uniform policy. Students were more disciplined and behaved in a more mature manner. These students took pride in themselves and others. With the lack of material items to fight over, students no longer felt the need to use aggression towards others, proving that school uniforms do in fact improve student behavior. Also when it comes to crime, a student wearing a school logo, is less apt to commit a crime outside of school while in uniform because it would be easier to track him based off of the school information on the uniform? This lowers the crime rate for the general public as well as the in school instances. Not only do mandatory uniform policies for public schools offer the potential for higher educational benefits and improved student discipline, school uniforms dissolve social boundaries between classmates. Students are no longer judged based off their appearance but by who they are on the inside. There is no more competition between social classes that these students may have otherwise felt and they work together as a team and share a common pride. All students will feel a sense of belonging. No longer will lower income children be labeled as poor based off of their clothing. All children will appear as equals in the classroom and will be treated as such. However, some may argue that uniformity takes away from the students individuality. Many children, especially teens, express themselves through their personal styles and the way they dress. Sometimes children need to feel special or unique and dressing a certain way is how they accomplish this. Uniformity takes away from the First Amendment by taking away freedom of expression. If we take away the freedom of expression, we are taking away our childrens creativity and conforming them into a society where free thinking is not accepted. However this is not the case. The uniform does not change who the child is on the inside or how he thinks creatively. Students will still be able to focus creative energy through activities such as art, music, writing or sports. There are several creative outlets besides the choice of clothing options. When it comes to our economy, we as Americans must pinch our pennies where we can. Many parents are faced with the dilemma of outfitting their children in the latest trends or putting money towards more important things like saving for their childrens college education. Some families are unable to afford the popular named brand clothing that their children desires, which make the children, feel inadequate in school when they are forced to wear lesser brand clothes or second hand outfits. School uniforms would take away that hassle of finding bargains to ensure that their children feel confident in their attire. Uniforms are generally more durable than the average street clothes. Granted, the cost may be a bit more substantial in the beginning, but the uniforms will last longer which means there is less out of pocket expense for replacement articles. With uniforms, the parents may only have to purchase two or three sets compared to several pairs of bottoms and tops. Uniforms are more durable and can be washed more frequently compared to regular clothes. This makes them the better option not only for lower income families, but all families in general (Romero C4+). Critics claim that uniforms will cost the families more money in the long run because parents will be forced to buy the uniforms and regular clothing for their children to wear when they are not in school. The cost for parents may double that of just buying traditional school clothes. Although this is partly true, that yes, parents will be faced to make additional purchases for their children, in reality, they really wont be spending that much more money if any. Since uniforms are more durable, the parents only need to buy a limited supply and since the children will only be wearing their regular clothes outside of school, parents will not have to buy as many outfits. Most children wear out their clothes while in school. Since this is not an issue with the uniforms, the traditional street clothes will last longer, hence saving the parents money in the long run. Also without the constant competition in schools, children may not feel the need to have the latest brands and styles as they would if they were wearing the clothes to school on a daily basis around other social classes (King 3-5). With all of the advantages and disadvantages of implementing mandatory uniform wear into our public schools, there needs to be a compromise. Some schools have decided that it is best to make minor changes to the dress code policy. When it comes to school uniforms, there is a never-ending debate as to what the right approach and the wrong approach may be for our public schools. Works Cited Bodine,A.. aâ‚ ¬? School uniforms, academic achievement, and uses of researchaâ‚ ¬?. The Journal ofEducational Research 19 Feb. 2008: 67-73. Print. King, K. A. Should school uniforms be mandated in elementary school?. 2010: 3+. Print. Romero, E. aâ‚ ¬? School uniform countdownaâ‚ ¬?. Daily News Record, 16 Aug. 1999, C2+. Print. Williams, D. aâ‚ ¬? School uniforms: The raging debateaâ‚ ¬?. n. d. Web. 5 Aug. 2011.

Create a Business Plan for Your Own Company - With Financial Statement Assignment

Create a Business Plan for Your Own Company - With Financial Statement Data - Assignment Example The company also has other investments in steel and iron businesses such as steel manufacturing operations including electrical furnaces, steel processing service centres that take care of processing and distribution services, steel sales business and production of motor vehicle parts. Apart from manufacture of steel and iron products, the company has other portfolios that include supply of mineral and metal resources to Japan and other areas of the world. The company also has investments in generation of renewable energy, industrial and infrastructure, water treatment and supply, project development in fields such as logistics and social infrastructure. In its integrated transportation systems business unit, the company deals with logistics, financing and sale of motor vehicles, sale and financing of construction machinery, trade and ownership of commercial ships, sale, purchase and leasing of aircrafts and helicopters and rolling stock leasing. The basic chemicals business unit dea ls with manufacture of industrial chemicals and the logistical support for their clients. The performance chemicals business unit deals with manufacture of agricultural chemicals, performance materials such as plastics and synthetics. In addition, the unit also deals with liquid crystal display material and commodities, semiconductors and supplies for printed circuit board. Energy business unit I and II deals with exploration and processing of energy sources such as oil, gas and uranium among others, in addition it also develops environmental business such as carbon credits, biomass ethanol and hydrogen. The food business unit deals with grains for livestock, energy production and human consumption. In addition, it also deals with food ingredients, distribution, retail support services and agri-foods. The consumer service business unit deals with a wide variety of business activities that include medical and health care services, real

How and Why Do Issey Miyake and Vivienne Westwood Display the Female Essay

How and Why Do Issey Miyake and Vivienne Westwood Display the Female Body Clothing - Essay Example The author of the essay "How and Why Do Issey Miyake and Vivienne Westwood Display the Female Body Clothing" makes a comparative analyzis of both designers views. Issey Miyake and Vivienne Westwood are reputed to be two of the most prominent female-clothing fashion designers in the modern world. Although they both celebrate the female form with a modern theme on an old world base, Issey Miyake and Vivienne Westwood each manage to blend their cultural and personal backgrounds to produce very different effects. In the end the author concludes that two designers are totally different in how they get things done, but there is no doubt in the minds of the fashion world about their talent and ability to portray the female body in unique and beautiful ways. They each grew up with different backgrounds, and both of them have developed a fresh modern wave of fashion in the art world. Although it is undeniable the two differ in style, you could say they share the same intent. They each are working to help expand the modern art styles in fashion and design by incorporating many new techniques, materials and breakthroughs in the fashion world, while still focusing on the idea of the feminine strength and old world values. Where Miyake has succeeded in introducing Asian art to the modern French movement by using traditional styles, Westwood has succeeded in gaining social acceptance for a rising group of the sexually active populace. Through the work of both designers, one can see how many cultures ar e beginning to mix.

Civil Disobedience Essay Example for Free

Civil Disobedience Essay Historically, in your opinion, has civil disobedience been effective in changing the law? Explain why or why not. What laws do you disagree with or would you consider violating to change? Explain The act of knowingly breaking a law that one feels is morally or ethically unjust is termed Civil Disobedience. While we all have a perception of right and wrong, the guideline for this thinking is our moral compass. While many individuals may see inequalities or injustices in our society, only a few make a physical stand for what they perceive to be right. Some discourage the use of civil disobedience as a tool that should be used for change, the logic being that it directly contradicts our nation’s democratic system. Others support the peaceful act of protesting or challenging laws that are unjust. It is my opinion that while technically breaking the law, it is necessary as it brings immediate attention to an unjust law. As Martin Luther King Jr. stated and I quote â€Å"An individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and who willingly accepts the penalty of imprisonment in order to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the highest respect for the law.† Perfect examples of civil disobedience used to change laws are the Ms. Rosa Parks incident, as well as the prolonged civil rights movement initiated by Dr. King. While the above mentioned incidents of civil disobedience assisted in bringing attention to and ultimately changing unjust laws, this change was slow and not complete. One of the laws that I do not agree with is pertaining to parental rights. I feel that in the courts of law in regards to custody and parenting responsibilities, the father always gets the short end of the stick. Never have I seen things being fair and just, unless in the uncommon circumstance where the mother is clearly not fit to be a parent. In many cases the mother has custodial rights, but the child or children are neglected physically, mentally and financially. The mother just used the child for a means to gain financial support.

The Christian Perspective on Capital Punishment and Rehabilitation Ess

Abstract Christian’s hold three distinct perspectives on capital punishment, namely Rehabilitationism, Reconstructionism and Retributionism. Rehabilitationism is the view that death sentence should not be allowed for any crime; Reconstructionism holds that death penalty should be allowed for any serious crime; Retributionism recommends death sentence for some capital crimes. The last two positions share a somewhat similar view. This paper focuses on rehabilitationism. Proponents of this view comprise those who appeal to the Bible for justification and those who do not. The paper presents the arguments of those in the former group. Contrary to the view of the rehabilitationalists that the aim of punishment is reformatory or remedial, the paper argues that the aim of capital punishment is justice and a good society. Conceptualization of Capital Punishment and Rehabilitationism Capital punishment is the taking of an offender’s life for a crime which he has committed and found guilty of by a court or tribunal under law. For Etuk, capital punishment is the death penalty when it is executed after a due process of law carried out by a society’s duly constituted apparatus (2000, 6). It is distinguished from other forms of extra-legal killings such as shooting on sight of suspected criminals, assassinations, disappearance of persons carried out by state agents, among others. Capital punishment thus defined has existed in almost all civilizations and the modes of its execution have varied from country to country. Amnesty International in 1989 listed out the following modes of execution in current use: hanging, shooting, electrocution, lethal injection, gassing, beheading and stoning (Etuk, 6). In Nigeria, the most prominent me... ...ence†. SOPHIA: An African Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 2 No 1, 2000, pp 1 – 18. Geisler, N. L. Christian Ethics. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1989. Ige, E.    â€Å"Death Penalty in the Dock: Seminar that Explores its Retention or Abolition†. Vanguard, November 1, 2002. Iwe, N. S. S. Socio-Ethical Issues in Nigeria. Oruowulu – Obosi: Pacific Publishers, 1991. Stamps, D. C. (ed.) The Full Life Bible Study. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1992. Walvoord, J. F. & Zuck, R. B. The Bible Knowledge Commentary (Old Testament). USA: Cook communications Ministries, 1983. Walvoord, J. F. & Zuck, R. B. The Bible Knowledge Commentary (New Testament). USA: Cook communications Ministries, 1983.

Knowledge of the business Essay

Another research study, by Michael J. P. Whyte (2004), called Enterprise Architecture – the Key to Benefits Realization, stresses the importance of being aware of exactly what the business is about before change management can be implemented. Whyte (2004) discusses why business who have installed increasing amounts of computing hardware and software over the last three or four decades have not been able to realize the expected benefits (p. 2). In his study, Whyte outlines the following contributing factors that have lead to such non-realization of benefits: ? Manner in which IS projects proceed. Whyte criticizes most projects for merely being stuck in the discovery phase of the project. This involves simply defining the current situation, systems or processes. During the discovery phase of a project, certain architecture-like artefacts are produced, such as process diagrams, entity relationship diagrams, and infrastructure diagrams, all of which form the basis for the new project. According to Whyte, the fundamental problems with these artefacts are that they are created within the context of the project, and are thus seldom correct and almost never complete. They deal with the aggregates found in the current situation and do not identify the primitives upon which the new architecture must be based. As a result, these â€Å"artefacts† are not maintained and extended after the project is completed, precisely because they were based on the current situation prior to implementation of the project (Whyte, 2004, p. 3). ? The silver bullet mentality According to Whyte, this is another major obstacle in benefits realization. Whyte criticizes how vendors offer the latest and greatest hardware, the newest and most complete software suite, or the most up-to-date methodology to help companies in implementing their benefits realization programs. The problem with these offers, according to Whyte, is that they do not fit together. They cannot fit into any overall scheme which satisfies a particular organization’s needs since the organization’s needs are undefined in the first place (Whyte, 2004, p. 4). Whyte recommends what is called Enterprise Architecture to deal with the two factors identified above. Enterprise Architecture helps the organization to full define its current state and to precisely determine the things that need to be changed. All aspects of the propose change can be quickly assess and the results can be analysed and quantified. Enterprise Architecture involves both the integration of the business aspect and IS in change management. It provides a means to capture the knowledge which makes the business work, and makes this knowledge available for the ongoing benefit of the business. In other words, it provides a blueprint of the business, a complete picture of the business and all the components which make the business work. Such knowledge is quantified and captured as data so that it can produce information to be used by another person in a company, making change management thus not person or individual-centred. When a person who instigated the change management leaves, his or her replacement can easily pick up where he left off since knowledge of how the business works is readily available (Whyte, 2004, pp. 4-6). In obtaining this knowledge, Enterprise Architecture involves the use of the Zachman Framework. This framework involves the use of thirty models which are required to fully define an enterprise. Each model must be explicitly recognized and implemented. According to Whyte, â€Å"Each row of the Zachman Framework takes a unique perspective of the enterprise (planner, owner, designer, builder, subcontractor). Each column deals with a primitive interrogative (what, how, where, who, when, why). Each of the thirty intersections of these rows and columns identifies a unique model of the enterprise. Each model is unique – it is not an elaboration of a higher level model. Each higher level row provides requirements for the row beneath, but each perspective, hence, each model is unique† (Whyte, 2004, p. 6). â€Å"All models in a column are related by a fundamental meta-model (entity-relationship, function-argument, node-link, agent-work, time-cycle, ends-means). As the models are developed ‘as is’ for an enterprise, it is unavoidable that discontinuities will be discovered between the higher level models (planner’s and owner’s perspective) and the lower level models (builder’s and sub-contractor’s perspective). This is because current corporate systems have usually been built starting at the lowest levels with no regard to the higher level models. So naturally, the functioning enterprise is NOT a true representation of what the corporate management desires† (Whyte, 2004, p. 7). In other words, Whyte recommends Enterprise Architecture as the means to bind an organization’s business side and IS side into a fully functional whole entity. Knowledge of the entire enterprise, from top to bottom, is necessary in order to determine not only the current situation but the framework on which change management should be based on.

How might a Christian apply Essay

Through out Jesus’ teaching we see that justice, forgiveness and reconciliation are all the most important features of keeping the peace of the world. However war and conflict are two of the most significant issues in today’s world and will be for many years to come therefore it is hard for a Christian to ignore this and know what is right or wrong. A current example of this is the international conflict in Iraq between many of the western countries. â€Å"Blessed are peacemakers for they will be called the children of God. (Mt 5:9)† This quotation is showing that a person who forgives and makes peace with any enemies will be rewarded by God although Christians have to live in a world where people often make war against each other. Therefore they have to develop an attitude to war campaigning against war and violence in various ways, using different examples from the scriptures to explain their position and different church teachings to help them through. Christians recognise that war is not compatible with the teachings of Jesus, as they believe in peace, and peace is essential for forgiveness to work. Jesus taught his follower to always love and respect, no matter how hard it may be they should forgive their enemies, â€Å"Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you. † The principle being that although good does not come from evil, destroying evil allows us to repair the damage and do well. For example, the catastrophic bombs were dropped on Japan and killed thousands, the disaster will never be forgotten but we see that Japan is now one of the most powerful countries in the world and there is peace. Iraq and the Allies were and still are at war. Christians are divided over this war; some believe that there is a moral case for war against Iraq to free the Iraqi people from evil whilst others feel that the people of Iraq are the most affected and something else could have been done to prevent war to reconcile the countries instead. The Pope declared that war is a â€Å"defeat for humanity† and no the way to solve the Iraqi situation, his diplomatic efforts accord with Catholic teachings as a war should be the last resort. However Gaudium et Spes contradicts the Pope, teaching that the war is just to protect the people of Iraq. S and C Danes once stated that, â€Å"Peace is more than the absence of war. Peace is the effect of righteousness. † A just war is one that must be fought but is conducted to certain conditions, they are designed to prevent a war and to limit its effect on people. Christians agree that anyone who engages in war should do so only after every other means have been worn out. In the past there have been many occasions when Christians have fought wars and when Christians countries have fought each other. We see this is wrong because Jesus taught this; â€Å"A new commandment I give you; to love one another. As I have loved you. † Pacifists believe that all war is wrong and support that; for example, Jesus called â€Å"the Kingdom of God† the peaceful solution. Also Lord Donald Soper’s pacifism led him to being banned from broadcasting during the Second World War showing that his beliefs and feelings were very strong and he would stand up to what he believed was right, â€Å"Violence is always wrong and doesn’t always create new beginnings and solve problems. † In 1980 there was a conflict that arose between Iraq and Iran, America and the West came to the aid of Saddam Hussein in this war, supporting a moderate bulwark against Islam. This war lasted until 1988 and the Iraqi government expected the war debts to be written off as they had justifiably defended the entire Middle East against Islamic radicalism. The Christian response should have been to help aid CAFOD and other Catholic organisations. However, Bishop David Konstant argues â€Å"No war is just and reconciliation and justice are the only two grounds for true and lasting peace. † To be reconciled with God , Christians must be able to forgive and to be reconciled with each other, as there is no peace with out justice and no justice without forgiveness.

Free Essays on My First Kiss

I dare not blink, lest it cause me to wake and find this all to be a dream. I dare not breathe for that may break the spell under which I find myself. Instead I lay still, eyes closed tight, I can’t see you, and although we yet to touch I feel you in the very depths of my soul. My heart beats sound loudly in my chest, and I fear you might hear the thoughts that seem to be filling my head, tumbling over each other. My senses are tingling, as if this were the first time they’d been awakened. Your hand on my waist feels like fire and ice at the same time, burning a memory into my soul and shooting chills up my spine. You move closer and your breath on my neck makes me quiver. My eyes open for a brief second and close again as your lips touch mine... everything I ever dreamed this moment to be is lost, for even in my dreams I couldn’t have imagined it to be like this. Everything inside me is released, all the joy, fear, anger, lust, every emotion I’ve ever felt is intensified by this one brief but eternal moment. One touch†¦ One kiss.... Free Essays on My First Kiss Free Essays on My First Kiss I dare not blink, lest it cause me to wake and find this all to be a dream. I dare not breathe for that may break the spell under which I find myself. Instead I lay still, eyes closed tight, I can’t see you, and although we yet to touch I feel you in the very depths of my soul. My heart beats sound loudly in my chest, and I fear you might hear the thoughts that seem to be filling my head, tumbling over each other. My senses are tingling, as if this were the first time they’d been awakened. Your hand on my waist feels like fire and ice at the same time, burning a memory into my soul and shooting chills up my spine. You move closer and your breath on my neck makes me quiver. My eyes open for a brief second and close again as your lips touch mine... everything I ever dreamed this moment to be is lost, for even in my dreams I couldn’t have imagined it to be like this. Everything inside me is released, all the joy, fear, anger, lust, every emotion I’ve ever felt is intensified by this one brief but eternal moment. One touch†¦ One kiss....

Anheuser-Busch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anheuser-Busch - Essay Example While most of the processes are undertaken under the same production plant, the first stage of the production process is undertaken in a different facility, where the raw materials to be used in the production process, such as barley and rice are germinated under controlled environmental conditions, to develop the grains’ natural enzymes (malt), in readiness for the next process. This activity occurs in the maltster, as the initial component of the production facility design (Knoedelseder, 2012). From here, the production process proceeds to the kiln, which is the second component of the production facility design, where the germinated raw materials are then dried under controlled temperature. It is at the kiln that the color of the grains is determined, by controlling the temperatures based on the desired color of the beer to be produced (Hernon, 1972). Additionally, the kiln also aids in the control of the flavor of the beer to be produced, by drying the grains to different degrees, based on the desired flavors. ... The three components of the production facility design are housed in the malt plant, after which the product produced from the malt plant is now taken to the brew house, where the rest of the production process is to continue. In the brew house, the products from the mash plant, which are now found in the form of already milled and grounded powder, are mixed together with water at the mash tank, which is the fourth component of the production facility design. Mixing the mash plant products is done at the right controlled temperatures, where the enzymes in the malt are now converted from starches into sugars, forming a product referred to as wort sugars, which is a fermentable sugar product (Hernon, 1972). This process is referred to as the wort formation, which determines the flavors of the beer to be produced, depending on the ingredients of the malt mash and the controlled temperatures that are applied. To obtain the wort, the mixture of water and the powdered mash plant products a re strained in the lauter tun; the fifth component of the production facility design, to give out the amber liquid, which is called wort. This is an important process in the beer production process, since the components, color and flavor of the wort determines the aroma, the taste and the overall taste of the beer finally produced (Hernon, 1972). From here the process proceeds to the six component of the production facility, which is the brew kettles (Knoedelseder, 2012). This is the container that holds the wort produced in the previous stage, which is then boiled and then mixed with hops. Hops are the major spices of the beer, which are added to produce the brand that is desired, differentiated on the basis of special flavor, aroma and beer character (Lang & Rubovits, 1992).

Case analysis( Global business) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Case analysis( Global business) - Essay Example As a result, the price of ENTel was one of the less price paid for any telecommunication firm across all the developing countries. Furthermore, the privatization of ENTel resulted in legal duopoly as this would allow two companies to manage the entire telecommunication services. Later on, certain more subsequent events have changed the Argentina telecommunication industry. Sprint offers a wide range of wireless as well as wireline communication services to its customers including business and government users. The ‘Sprint’ tradition started off with the establishment of Brown Telephone Co. by Cleson Brown in the year 1899. With the introduction of long distance service, Sprint was able to seize the opportunity with offering its customers the long distance services; that was way back in 1986. In the year 1990, the company went global with its global subsidiary forms to market the international public data network services. In the year 2004, the company merged with another leading telecommunication firm Nextel leading to Sprint Nextel which aims to be no one in customer experience. As of now, Sprint is going to market its EVO 4G in Argentina. This analysis is done to evaluate its probability of success in Argentina. This would be done evaluating the company’s success in US, product attributes and the prospective barriers which can on the way to success. A conclusion would be fetched from the entire analysis. As in US, at the end of the year 2010 the organization has catered over 48.9 million customers. The organization is known for its impressive success in developing, engineering as well as introducing innovative technologies. The company is the first national carrier in US to come up with wireless 4G service, providing mobile data services, prominent brands including Virgin Mobile USA, Assurance Wireless Boost Mobile. Furthermore, the company has also offered instant national as well as

MasterCard Risk Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MasterCard Risk Assessment - Essay Example BRAM (Business Risk Assessment and Mitigation) program addresses all the illegal and damaging activities that are affiliated to the use of MasterCard. The program offers and delivers appropriate compliance standards required for safeguarding the use of the company’s services. Risk management usually promotes cost cutting in terms of insurance costs and operational costs that any financial organization often deals with when it comes to identifying and curbing fraud within the MasterCard financial systems (King, 2001). The BRAM (Business Risk Assessment and Mitigation) program was developed by the MasterCard Company in order to minimize the industry and economic risk that comes with the use of MasterCard branded and affiliated cards. One of the economic risks posed on the system include the loss of clients who are not satisfied with the system operation, which subsequently leads to revenue loss for the firm. Addressing end user reliability of the MasterCard system is a vital objective for the MasterCard Company. System reliability can be achieved via ensuring there is constant testing and regular monitoring of the network system. The program warrants compliance through mandating and encouraging access control measures for the network system. Implementing and maintaining a strong security policy aids in protecting the clients information by boosting data security through the management of network systems utilized by the company and safeguarding then from unauthorized access (Gibson, 2004). Additionally, the set policies should limit any form of compromise that would arise even within the company itself, for example, selling of insider information. The payment card industry has common industrial risks for all the companies that deal in payment systems using cards, that is, ensuring constant information security and availability of services or resources to subscribes at all times and places. The BRAM

Three different Venues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Three different Venues - Essay Example {?##y?y>#?##Ba#g#e#n#.###?d#o#c######D#a#n#i#d###?a# #C#o#p#e###n#h#DANIDA~1DOC #`#Vp?|?###Vp?#)#?##B1#.#d#o#c###?#####R#a#i#r#i###? #C#e#n#t#r###e#-#RAIRIC~1DOC #C?Vp?|?##?Vp?A)#?##?WRD0886TMP #@}?}?##?@}?(5#?X#Dm#.#d#o#c#########i#s#e#d#,####2#5#m#m#m#m###m#m##2#[#2#]#t####o# #b#e# #r###e#v##5#9#3#9#4####2#_#_#5#9#3###9#4#593942~2DOC #ty?}?##y>#*##~WRL2621TMP##!SIt?t?##x?t#####Bc#####"###5#9#3#9#4###"2#_#r#e#v#.###d#o#593942~3DOC ##z?{?##?#z>#(##Ba#n#t#.#z###?i#p######5#9#3#9#4###?2#_#i#m#p#o###r#t#593942~1ZIP!#m?{?##m?)#T#Cy#1#.#z#i###?p######a#t#i#o#n###?_#s#e#c#u#r###i#t##5#9#3#9#4###?2#_#i#n#f#o###r#m#593942~2ZIP!#Zm?{?##m?w##?##Cy#2#.#z#i###?p######a#t#i#o#n###?_#s#e#c#u#r###i#t##5#9#3#9#4###?2#_#i#n#f#o###r#m#593942~3ZIP!#?Um?{?##m?G ?*##Cy#3#.#z#i###Rp######a#t#i#o#n###R_#s#e#c#u#r###i#t##5#9#3#9#4###R2#_#i#n#f#o###r#m#593942~4ZIP!##?m?{?##m ?N##?WRL0995TMP##6}?}?##?6}/#?X#AD#a#t#a#b###/a#s#e#.#d#o###c###DATABASEDOC #?#?m?{?###?m #?##AO#d#o#r#o###$.#d#o#c#x#####ODORO~1 DOC # I/?q?{?##?@r?##?v##B.#V#O#B########H#e#a#d# ###?o#f# #s#t#a###t#e#HEADOF~1VOB #xz?{?##o!h4?>#4?HE200~2DOC #?Im?u?##m##?##Cc########a#t#i#o#n###? #f#o#r#m#.###d#o##M#e#n#t#e###?e# #a#p#p#l###i#c#MENTEE~1DOC #pqVp?|?##rVp?#)####A6#0#1#4#9###s3#r#e#v#.#d###o#c#601493~1DOC #?"#{?{?##$#{Q#?##Be#c#u#r#i####t#y#.#d#o#c######I#n#f#o#r####m#a#t#i#o#n### #S#INFORM~1DOC #?;?m?}?##?#n##? #Bo#c########5#9#4#2#8###?7#.#.#.#r#d###.#d#594287~3DOC ##?%|?}?##?%|?#,#?##?AJORR~1DOC #D?n?r?##Ð ¢n/#?##Bn#d#.#d#o###?c######J#o#u#r#n###?a#l#i#s#m# ###F#u#JOURNA~1DOC #d?Vp?{?##?Vp?L)#?##Bo#n#.#d#o###@c######M#a#r#a# ###@F#o#u#n#d#a###t#i#MARAFO~1DOC #Vp?{?##?Vp?U)#?##BS#S#E#S#S###?M#E#N#T#.#d###o#c##E#D#A#R#A###?T#E#C# #O#D### #A#EDARAT~1DOC #?UWp?{?##WWp?$##? #Ci#p#####!###0#1#1#_#1###!1#_#1#5#_#2###.#z##a#t#t#a#c###!h#m#e#n#t#s###_#2#ATTACH~1ZIP ##gWp?{?###Wp)a^##Bd#o#c##### ###5#9#4#2#6### 5#,#,#,#r#e###v#.#594265~1DOC #?g+|?}?##h+|?S

Biological Causes Of Bipolar Disorder Psychology Essay

Biological Causes Of Bipolar Disorder Psychology Essay Bipolar disorder is likely one of the most difficult diagnoses to receive in terms of living a normal life. As a psychological disorder, or more specifically, a mood disorder, its typical age of onset is in the early twenties, and its prevalence is between one and two percent worldwide. The disorder is characterized by an alternation between mania and depression, as well as poor impulse control, attention deficits, and impairments of verbal memory. Intensity of the manic state in a bipolar patient determines whether they are diagnosed with bipolar I or bipolar II. Those with classic, full-fledged mania have bipolar I, where as those with a less extensive version involving anxiety or irritability, sometimes referred to as hypomania, have bipolar II (Kalat, 2013). Causes of the illness are not always clear, but one or a combination of factors such as neurochemical factors, environmental factors, and genetics usually play a part in the development of bipolar disorder (Bressert, 2007). Genetics are an essential factor, as bipolar disorder is a very biologically based illness. Certain genes have been shown to increase the risk of developing bipolar II disorder, and also some genes associated with a predisposition to major depression predispose to bipolar disorder. However, no definitive relationships exist between these genes and bipolar disorder (Kalat, 2013). Various statistics have been obtained through research as far as chances of developing bipolar disorder based on its prevalence within a family. For example, the risk of the illness is between fifteen and twenty-five percent for those with a parent who has bipolar disorder. Furthermore, the risk for someone whose non-identical twin has the condition is twenty-five percent, which increases eightfold if they are identical twins (Bressert, 2007). Biological Causes Overview Here is an overview of many different factors that are biological in nature and have implications in bipolar disorder, some of which will be explored in further detail later. As a primarily biological illness, the improper functioning of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and likely many others has been identified as a cause (Bressert, 2007). Another interesting biological factor includes the brains increased use of glucose throughout a manic episode and its decreased use of glucose during depressive episodes (Kalat, 2013). Studies analyzing the reelin gene which helps in brain function and development have found that there is a link between the dysfunction of the reelin gene and psychiatric disorders, specifically schizophrenia, and more importantly for this paper, bipolar disorder (Ovadia, 2011). On a side note, there have also been studies which have found a gene that may provide some sort of protection against bipolar disorder. It is called GRIK4, and as a kainate-type ionotropic glutamate receptor is part of the glutamate neurotransmission process (Pickard, 2006). Another interesting indicator of bipolar disorder was found using sensory gating, and involves the P85 gating ratio (Patterson, 2009). Relating to the circadian rhythm aspect of the disorder and how disruption of this due to the disorder can be a cause of the manic and depressive states in bipolar patients, there have been some studies. The results of one study found an association between the NR1D1 and GSK3ÃŽÂ ² variants and differences in functioning of the expression of genes related to the circadian clock system (McCarthy, 2011). An association specific to rapid cycling bipolar disorder involves the gene variation of CRY2, a clock gene (Sjà ¶holm, 2010). A biological marker related to gluten sensitivity has been discovered which showed that those with bipolar disorder have increased levels of IgG antibodies to gliadin (Dickerson, 2011). Finally, a recent study looked into gene expression in  lymphoblastoid cells, which could be a possible biological marker of bipolar disorder (Kato, 2011). Overall, it seems that there are still many questions as far as biological causes of the disorder, though progress tow ards the specifics of those markers is definitely being made. Circadian Rhythm Factors The bodys natural circadian rhythm is affected in those with bipolar disorder. This has been discovered by McCarthy et al. (2011) through research into the effects of a certain treatment, lithium. It has been shown that lithium affects the function of circadian rhythm with the goal of treating the disorder. Further research conveys issues with functioning of the circadian rhythm that lithium seems to treat. According to one study, positive lithium response is predicted by the combination of variants within GSK3ÃŽÂ ² and NR1D1. This shows that in bipolar patients, lithium affects circadian clock genes, specifically NR1D1 and GSK3ÃŽÂ ², in an attempt to alter circadian rhythms. Also, a transcription of NR1D1, called Rev-ErbÃŽÂ ±, functions as a clock signaling molecule which is important as it is degraded by lithiums inhibition of GSK3ÃŽÂ ². Lithium also can lengthen the natural circadian rhythm and regulate the stability and turnover of proteins within the clock mechanism (McCarthy, 2011). Therefore, it is fairly clear that lithium affects the circadian rhythm of bipolar patients. This is interesting from a biological standpoint so that further research can be done into which clock genes dont function properly due to the disorder, or if their dysfunction is what causes the disorder. As Sjà ¶holm et al. (2010) found, rapid cycling in bipolar disorder relates to a specific circadian gene, called Chryptochrome 2 (CRY2), which is a main part of the pathway responsible for the bodys roughly twenty-four hour cycle. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for associations to bipolar I and II and bipolar with rapid cycling led to analysis of haplotypes only for the rapid cycling cases. Rapid cycling patients were focused on since their circadian rhythms were hypothesized to be more vulnerable. Haplotypes of CRY2 that indicated risk and protection were discovered in the study of bipolar patients. AAAC and AGGA were haplotypes found frequently in the rapid cycling bipolar patients, and GGAC was a haplotype found much less frequently in rapid cycling patients. This provided evidence for the conclusions that CRY2 is involved in bipolar disorder, and more specifically, which haplotypes lead to protection from or risk of the disorder (Sjà ¶holm, 2010). Assessment of more clock genes was completed by Yang et al. (2009), in which rhythmic expression patterns were examined and some interesting results were reached. Fibroblasts of bipolar patients and healthy controls were analyzed during the study. The amount of expression for half of the genes being studied, BMAL1, REVERBa and DBP, was less in the bipolar patients than the controls, in addition to the mRNA expression levels in two of the genes, DEC2 and DBP. Next, four kinases were examined for mRNA expression levels, and two of the four, GSK3a and GSK3b, were examined for phosphorylation and protein levels. Results were that in GSK3b, the level of phosphorylation was much less in bipolar patients than in the controls. Overall, while nothing is made absolutely clear by this study, there is substantial evidence that circadian genes in bipolar patients are expressed differently than those in mentally healthy individuals. This difference may contribute to dysregulation of other genes do wn the pathway, which in turn might explain some of the issues that bipolar patients have, relating to their circadian clock (Yang, 2009). Therefore, circadian rhythms are a main component in bipolar disorder, and the more that becomes understood, the better that aspect of the illness can be treated in the future. For now, it seems to be mainstream knowledge that maintaining a constant sleep schedule can help these symptoms of the disorder, but soon there may be better options for those that suffer with this frustrating disorder (Kalat, 2013). Neurological Factors Functional flaws in the neurological systems of bipolar disorder patients are implied in the emotional impairment of those with the illness, according to Phillips et al. (2008). Since regulating emotions is a vital part of being able to function in modern society, bipolar patients are posed with a particularly difficult dysregulation. Neuroscience examining youth development of emotion regulation in their neural systems is key, as advances made in this area could help target predisposed individuals and intervene to possibly prevent the development of bipolar disorder. Structural and functional abnormalities in those with the disorder may be valuable biomarkers with the potential of earlier detection and more successful treatment. This would be a very relevant and applicable result for bipolar disorder specifically, since it is often discovered once it is too late for a successful treatment plan, or misdiagnosed altogether (Phillips, 2008). Areas of the prefrontal cortex that are involved in control processes such as regulation of emotions, and decision making are stated by Phillips et al. (2008) and include the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (MdPFC), anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) (Phillips, 2008). Networks involving the orbitofrontal cortex and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex allow for coordination of sensory integration and visceral control of prominent emotional information and also assist emotional behavior regulation. The amygdala is also connected to the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus according to a study by Ghashghaei et al. (2007), with implications involving focus on motivationally relevant stimuli. Studies have also shown less activity in the left side of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, specifically in automatic emotion regulation involved regions, throughout mania and remis sion in bipolar adults. Also, significantly reduced activity within the left sides of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex throughout automatic attention and emotion regulation in bipolar adults. Overall, the neurodevelopment of bipolar disorder is quite obviously complex, but it is evident that abnormalities in regions of the left side prefrontal cortex as well as the left side hippocampus and parahippocampus, at least in childhood bipolar disorder, are present and should be further examined. (Phillips, 2008). According to Craddock et al. (2010) after analysis of a Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium study, a gene that encodes the GABA receptor ÃŽÂ ²1 subunit, GABRB1 contained a significantly associated polymorphism, based on an analysis of bipolar patients and controls. After further studies they determined that variation within the GABA receptor genes can contribute towards risk of bipolar disorder. Therefore, this is yet another implication of a neurologically related issue in bipolar disorder patients, this time concerning a factor that could be related to alcohol issues and things of that nature in those with bipolar disorder (Craddock, 2010). According to Yuan-Hwa et al. (2010), midbrain binding of serotonin transporter (SERT) has been shown to be decreased in those in the depressive state of bipolar disorder in previous positron emission tomography studies. In the study completed by Yuan-Hwa et al., the goal was to analyze if the same dysfunction would apply to those in the euthymic state of the disorder. The study was conducted by using two rating systems, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale, with a less than ten score or less than seven score, respectively, over an eight week period classifying a euthymic state. To measure the midbrain binding of serotonin transporter, Yuan-Hwa et al. used single photon emission computed tomography and the radiotracer 123I-ADAM. Representing the availability serotonin transporter binding within the midbrain, the main outcome measured was speci ¬Ã‚ c uptake ratio (SUR) (Yuan-Hwa, 2010). Results included dramatically lower averaged specific uptake ratios for bipolar I patients than for bipolar II patients or healthy individuals according to Yuan-Hwa et al. (2010). There was also a strong correlation of decreased specific uptake ratios in bipolar I patients with illness duration. This means that there is a different biological regulation mechanism in bipolar I patients than in bipolar II patients following stable treatment, which could make a case for dichotomy in bipolar disorder (Yuan-Hwa, 2010). Overall, neurotransmitters and other neurological system factors play a large role in understanding bipolar disorder of various types and could potentially lead to diagnosis and treatment of the illness earlier rather than later, when it has the best chance at being successful. If one thing is clear related to the neurological piece of this bipolar puzzle, it is that abnormalities and decreased levels of functioning are present, and need to be further understood if progress toward better management of this disorder is going to take place. Miscellaneous Factors There are many other various factors that have biological implications in bipolar disorder. In this section, they will be discussed one by one. From protective factors to biomarkers that may increase risk, they will be explored in detail. The first factor concerns a certain kainate-type ionotropic glutamate receptor that is part of the glutamate neurotransmission process, called GRIK4, according to Pickard et al. (2006). Regarding bipolar disorder, a two single nucleotide polymorphism haplotype of the gene proved to be the most significant. Results regarding the haplotype inferred a protective quality towards bipolar disorder. Also, Pickard et al. identified multiple individual haplotypes from markers four to eight, which subsequently associated with a protective quality regarding bipolar disorder, even though that region did not appear within the global analysis (Pickard, 2006). Therefore, it is clear that this gene has properties which protect the individual from developing bipolar disorder. Regarding the reelin gene (RELN), which helps in brain function and development, Ovadia and Shifman (2011) have found that there is a link between the dysfunction of the gene and psychiatric disorders like bipolar disorder. The expression of the reelin gene and its various isoforms was studied using brain samples from postmortem patients of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Results indicated that there was a discernible reduction in the short reelin gene isoform proportion, which was lacking the C-terminal region, in bipolar disorder. Hence, the RELN, or more specifically its short isoform, is dysfunctional and that dysfunction can be associated with bipolar disorder (Ovadia and Shifman, 2011). Patterson et al. (2009) found a biological marker of bipolar disorder using sensory gating, and specifically the P85 gating ratio. Their goal was to discover if and how gating of an auditory brain potential at 85 ms (P85), which hadnt been previously tested, di ¬Ã¢â€š ¬erentiated patient groups and control groups. Patterson et al. collected P85 and P50 auditory evoked potentials from schizoa ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ective disorder patients, paranoid schizophrenia patients, and bipolar I disorder patients, and also from healthy control individuals. The results showed that the P85 gating ratio was dramatically greater in the bipolar group compared to any of the other groups; and the P50 gating ratio was dramatically greater in the schizoa ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ective group than it was in the control group, however it didnt di ¬Ã¢â€š ¬er from the ratio for the paranoid schizophrenia group or the bipolar group. Therefore, given the results, the P85 gating ratio might be a unique new biomarker for bipolar diso rder (Patterson, 2009). BD is associated with a number of genetic and possibly epigenetic abnormalities associated with neurotransmitter, hormonal and immunologically mediated neurobiological pathwaysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦HPA axis and immune system abnormalitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Duffy, 2012). This study completed by Duffy et al. basically reviews various biological indicators pertaining to susceptibility to bipolar disorder. Certain studies examined differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and also the immune systems of bipolar patients. In addition, there were implications to bipolar disorder found involving signal transduction processes within cells and also disruption within energy metabolism. Individuals at genetic risk provide a context for neurobiological findings and models concerning the onset and the progression of the illness are discussed. Overall, neuronal systems are dysfunctional in some ways in those with bipolar disorder, and because of this, things such as apoptosis concerning t he strain of the disorder and oxidative stress can occur, which obviously are not normal or healthy in any way (Duffy, 2012). Going in a little different direction, Kapczinski et al. (2009) studied recurrence of manic and depressive episodes and how it can contribute to the progression of the disorder. Neurobiological abnormalities may increase as episodes happen over and over, and as the number of episodes an individual has had increases, both treatment by medicine and by psychotherapy become less and less successful. This may be due to worsening dysfunction regarding insight, cognition, and relationships, and various other types of functioning. Also, the degree to which the illness has progressed can be assessed by the continuation of dysfunctioning throughout the fairly normal mood phases that bipolar patients experience (Kapczinski, 2009). Various indicators for bipolar disorder include, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦abnormalities in some biomarkers, such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), which may be related to neuronal and glial dysfunction (Kapczinski, 2009). These specifically are relevant to the possible staging of the disorder as increased levels of TNF-alpha and decreased serum levels of BDNF characterize patients in the later stages of the illness when examined in relation to those in the earlier stages. Therefore, if studies are replicated and more evidence supports differences significant enough to classify stages of bipolar disorder with unique treatment options and things of that nature, patients may not need to suffer unnecessarily and more success can be achieved towards the goal of relatively normal lives for these individuals (Kapczinski, 2009). Conclusion To conclude, there is much that has yet to be discovered regarding the causes and various indicators, biological and otherwise, of bipolar disorder. However, progress is most definitely being made, and there are many promising avenues to pursue in terms of achieving a greater understanding of this illness and how it is developed. From genetics and neurotransmitters which clearly play a significant role, to circadian rhythm factors which seem to be quite valid, this disorder has many influences. While it may seem at first to be a disorder triggered by environmental factors and various life events, it really is heavily biologically incorporated into those who suffer from this life altering and sometimes uncontrollable illness. As more studies are completed that test for various abnormalities, dysfunctions, and possibly even new types of differences within individuals who have bipolar disorder and those likely prone to developing it, more factors will be discovered and it is more than likely that a better grasp on the complexities of the illness are not too far away. To put it simply, though patients of this disorder may feel hopeless and beyond frustrated at times, researchers do not, and the day when the illness is entirely understood and treatment options are consistently effective will come sooner than some people might think.

Public Relatons Volvo Case Study :: essays research papers

â€Å"Best Drive in the Game†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1996, Volvo Trucks North America confirmed its worst appearance in the company’s 17-year history. Volvo market share had dropped from 11.1 percent in 1995 to 9.1 percent in 1996, and by the end of the year Volvo trucks were ranked sixth among eight.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to prove the Volvo truck was the best choice for professional truckers, Volvo made the perfect decision to reach its targeted audience. Research of the day-to-day lives of truckers proved a common interest-Super Bowl XXXII. Volvo became the first truck manufacture to advertise during the Super Bowl. Volvo hired Carmicheal Lynch Public Relations and Carmicheal Lynch Advertising to handle the account. Research   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Research revealed the Super Bowl is the most-watched sports event among trucking professionals. More than 60 percent of trucking professionals stop to watch the game. â€Å"Smart Business† was identified as the most sought-after factor to re-build the Volvo name. The CLS research team reviewed articles about the trucking industry, the trucking profession, test drove trucks and collected information about Super Bowl advertising and promotions. Research concluded the targeted audience consisted of three million Class 8 over-the-road truck drivers in North America, 229 Volvo Trucks dealerships, 3,000 Volvo Truck employees and the general public. The research appears to be complete in the sense the product and the client were thoroughly researched and the audience was defined. Objectives 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Increase awareness of Volvo Trucks and its VN Series, including the Volvo 770 and the company’s Volvo Trucks Super Bowl spot. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Entrench the desired brand perception of Volvo Trucks as the smart choice for today’s trucking professionals. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Generate trial of Volvo trucks. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Create multiple opportunities for Volvo truck dealers to interact with Volvo customers. The objectives are consistently impact objectives because they represent preferred results of modifying the attitudes and behaviors of targeted audiences. The objectives are not measurable because follow-up surveys and post phone calls were not used in the evaluation portion of the campaign and because the objectives do not give a numerical impression of how much they want to do something. However, the objectives could be measurable because the information gathered in the research portion of the campaign could serve as a benchmark if follow-up methods were used. Programming   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The strategy of the Volvo campaign included 5 aspects: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Create a sweepstakes program that generates sales leads and ensures that truck drivers will watch Volvo Trucks’ Super Bowl TV spot 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Generate awareness of Volvo Trucks’ involvement in the Super Bowl through media relations and paid advertising

Amen. Actions and Consequences

Costa-Gavra’s â€Å"Amen. † is a thought-provoking film that combines political thriller, suspense and expose. â€Å"Amen†, translated in Hebrew as â€Å"So be it†, deals with three significant characters, both real and fictional, who act out different moral or ethical principles. These characters, Father Riccardo Fontana, Kurt Gerstein and Pope Pius XII, provide the audience with different perspectives on the dilemma about the genocide of millions of Jews during World War II, commonly known as â€Å"the Holocaust†.By reflecting on the lives, actions or personalities of these three characters, we would understand the ethical challenges, ethical principles and actions they have faced, considered and performed. Body Father Riccardo Fontana, played by Mathleu Kassovitz, is a junior diplomat and an idealistic Jesuit priest. Father Riccardo Fontana learned the life and sufferings of the Jews in the Nazi concentration camps (through the help of Kurt Gerst ein). He also learned that the American government inquired about the genocide of Jews through a letter addressed at the Vatican.He endeavoured or tried his best to alert the Vatican about the genocide of Jews in the Nazi concentration camps. He thought that his familial connections with the local priests and at the Vatican would bring in results or considerations from the Pope. He also thought that by directly stating the problems at the Nazi concentration camps to the Pope, he would be able to bring light to the problem and have the Pope do his part by making a public statement condemning the actions of the Nazis.However, in the end, he was not able to have the support of the Vatican. He lost his life; Father Riccardo Fontana died a martyr. Father Riccardo Fontana is a fictional character in the movie; however, I believe that he symbolizes the early life of Pope Pius XII. As a morally righteous priest, I believe that he wanted to ease the pain or sufferings of the Jews. As a diplo mat, I believe that he wanted to do things in a peaceful and legal manner. I also think Father Riccardo Fontana believes on deontological ethics.Deontological ethics or deontology refers to the method of applying ethics by focusing on what actions are right or wrong, regardless whether the consequences would right or not. This ethical principle is sometimes referred to as â€Å"obligation† or â€Å"duty† ethics. These are the reasons why I believe, Father Riccardo Fontana tried his best to alert the Pope, make a difference or bring the Jews help from the Vatican even if it means to sacrificing his own life for the sake of duty. If I were Father Riccardo Fontana, I would also inform or alert the Vatican, particularly the Pope.I would seek his assistance regarding the genocide of Jews and strongly emphasize my point that it is wrong and immoral. I would let them see that as priests, we should do our best to preserve life and peace all throughout the world, despite the di fferences in race or ethnicity. I would stand for the right of my fellow Jews, especially for their right to live. However, unlike Father Riccardo Fontana, I would seek or provide other kinds of help if all of the previous acts fail. I help the Jews by hiding them from the Nazis and I will ease their pain with my prayers.Subsequently, I will continue my efforts to make the authorities do their part. I will not have myself killed, not for selfish reasons, but because I know that dying won’t solve anything. If I die, I would no longer be able to help the Jews or the needy. If I die, I won’t be able to strengthen their morale and keep their spirits and hopes high. On the other hand, Kurt Gerstein, played by Ulrich Tukur, is a real character or individual, greatly devoted to his duty as a soldier and religious beliefs as a Protestant. He is a German SS officer on board the Waffen-SS during the World War II.He is also an intelligent scientist and member of the Institute for Hygiene who developed the gas Zyklon B for treating or curing the waters drank and used by Nazi soldiers. As a scientist, hygienist and developer of the Zyklon B, he only wanted to prevent illnesses or the spread of diseases among the Nazi troops. Unfortunately, Zyklon B was used to exterminate the Jews. Raised in a family of patriotic officers and soldiers with strong sense of responsibility, his obedience or compliance to authority cannot be doubted. However, after learning this horrible truth, his values as a Protestant dominated his sense of patriotism.He alerted the Protestant leaders, then the authorities, Swedish diplomats and also the Roman Catholic Church about the immoral acts committed by his superiors. He took actions similar to what Father Riccardo Fontana did and just like the efforts of Father Riccardo Fontana, Gerstein’s efforts were in awe. Conversely, I am convinced that he believes the same ethical principles as Father Ricardo Fontana. If I were Kurt Gerst ein, I would first try to reach a higher position in the Nazi party. I will do my best to reach that position as soon as possible because time is of the essence.After having power or authority, I would instantly see to it that the officers under my authority would provide help to the Jews. I would do this secretly or behind the radar of my superiors so that I can still have my power and my life for the service of those who are suffering. With my power and my life, I will provide more help or make more things morally right. Pope Pius XII, the most controversial character in the movie, is subjected to allegations of preserving his selfish-needs, economic interests, ambition and power by doing nothing regardless of knowing the horrible truth at the Nazi concentration camps.In this sense, allegedly, the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church in extension, committed passive sin. Somehow, watching the movie had made me scrutinize or contemplate on the faith and hope that I had for the Vatican or to the Pope. Putting myself in the shoes of Kurt Gerstein and Father Riccardo Fontana made me doubt that the religious authorities are not morally upright. However, considering the position of the Pope, I reclaimed my belief that he did not do anything wrong and that he only wanted greater good for a greater number of individuals or Jews in particular.As a prominent and religious leader, every action should be seriously weighed and the interests of those who are in need or prosecuted should be considered in order to prevent further harm done to them. Alerting the international public would disrupt the allegiance of the Vatican and the Nazi party and spark more tension. If the allegiance is lost and the Nazis are angered by the public statement or expose of their immoral acts, will the Vatican be able to address the retaliation of the Nazis? How can the Vatican keep Jews, provide food and shelter in chapels if the angered Nazis destroyed the Catholic chapels?Will the public state ment improve the situation of the prosecuted Jews? Will it stop a possible war? I don’t think. This is due to the fact that the Nazi party has great military power at that time to retaliate to any threat or opposition. Public protests against this inhumane party would only increase prosecution, not only of Jews but also Roman Catholics; and that would be further agonizing. I think that as a religious leader, a morally upright Roman Catholic and diplomat, Pope Pius XII did actions behind the eye of the public to help the Jews.I believe that Pope Pius XII believes in utilitarianism and because of this. Consequently, he suffered the pain of doing nothing because he knew that the consequences would be right or provide greater good. Conclusion Father Riccardo Fontana, Kurt Gerstein and Pope Pius XII are three interesting characters with varied perspectives when it comes to what is right or wrong. Father Riccardo Fontana and Kurt Gerstein believed in fulfilling their moral obligati ons while Pope Pius XII believed that â€Å"the end justifies the means†.The first two characters believed in doing things now and in considering consequences later while the third character was thinking of the consequences first before making an action. Somehow, I believe that the Holocaust or the genocide of millions of Jews in Nazi concentration camps, considering these two opposite ethical principles, is a dilemma. It is a dilemma where I believe, Pope Pius XII did the best choice. Works Cited Costa-Gavras, dir. Amen. Perfs. Ulrich Tukur, Mathieu Kassovitz. Kino International, 2002.